Spruce board - Swedish spruce board

The surface vegetation and soil characteristics of 23 adjacent birch and European spruce stands in southern Sweden were studied, But the frequency of Vaccinium myrtillus L. and VAC cinium Vitis idaea L. is much higher than that of European spruce forest. The soil acidity of each layer of European spruce forest (humus layer, 0-10cm mineral soil layer and 11-30cm mineral soil layer) is slightly higher than that of each layer of birch forest. The soil exchangeability of European spruce forest is K, The content of Ca and Mg is slightly higher than that of birch stand soil, but the difference is not obvious. Only exchangeable Na is significantly higher in European spruce stand soil. Due to the obvious reduction of sulfur deposition, the higher dry deposition of cation in European spruce canopy compared with birch canopy may neutralize the effect of soil acidification on European spruce forest in southern Sweden to a certain extent